她们是好朋友
Review: P ny n
甲： 这是谁的字典？
乙： 是我的字典。
甲： 借我，好吗？
乙： 好的。江华，这是你的画报。Judy 叫我还你。她说“谢谢”。
甲： 不客气。对了，Judy 现在在哪儿？
乙： 她今天去纽约看她妈妈。
甲： 她妈妈的电话是多少？
乙： 你要她妈妈家的电话，为什么？
甲： 你认识 Heather 吗？她教 Judy 法文。她明天来我们这儿。
乙： 真的吗？我不认识 Heather，可是我知道她是Judy 的好朋友。
她明天来，Judy 一定很高兴。
甲： 你给我她妈妈的电话，好吗？
乙： 好的，好的….她妈妈的电话是 212-857-0345。
甲： 212-857-0345。谢谢。
乙： 不谢。
Judy喜欢看中文杂志
Judy是美国人，她在外语学院学习中文。Judy和江华是好朋友。
江华是中国人，她家里有许多好看的中文杂志和书。Judy喜欢
看中文杂志，她不喜欢看中文书。她常常去江华家看中文杂志。
中文杂志上有很多好看的图片。Judy喜欢看图片，她也喜欢读
汉字。有的汉字，Judy认识，有的汉字，她不认识。遇到不认
识的汉字，Judy就查字典。现在，Judy认识了很多新的汉字。
江华借给Judy许多好看的中文杂志。Judy喜欢新闻杂志，
也喜欢人物杂志。从杂志上，Judy了解了许多中国的事情。
她知道，中国是一个很大的国家。中国有北京和上海，中国
还有长江和黄河。Judy给她爸爸妈妈讲许多中国的事情。她的
爸爸妈妈对中国也很感兴趣。他们打算明年来中国旅游。
Judy告诉江华，现在她又有了一个中文老师――中文杂志就
是她的新老师。
1. Verbal constructions in series:
Verbal constructions in series are often seen in Chinese sentences. The verbs
来 (lái) and 去 (qù) are two verbs used often in such constructions. For example:
她 去 看 她妈妈。 Tā qù kàn tā māma. She went to see her mom.
v1 v2
In the example, the second verb expresses the purpose of the action intended by
the first verb, but there is no grammatical feature between the two verbs to
mark the subordination. Between the verbs, a place word can be inserted to
specify the location where the intended action takes place. For instance:
我来纽约学经济。 Wŏ lái Niŭyuē xué Jīngjì. I came to NY to study Economics.
If you want to negate the sentence, the negation falls before the first verb:
我不去喝茶 Wŏ bú qù hēchá. I won’t go to have tea.
我不去北京学中文。 Wŏ bú qù Bĕijīng xué Zhōngwén. I won’t go to Beijing to study Chinese.
2. Double objects:
Some transitive verbs take two objects: a direct object ( usuallyreferring to a
thing), and an indirect object (usually referring to a person). No function word
is used between the two objects, but their order is fixed: The indirect object
is followed by the direct object, and never the other way around:
他借我画报。 Tā jiè wŏ huàbào. He lends me the pictorials.
她给我你的电话。 Tā gĕi wŏ nĭde diànhuà. He gave me your phone (number).
Sentence Patterns with a predicate verbs taking double objects
Subject Predicate
noun/pronoun Verb indirect object (noun/pronoun) Direct object (noun/noun phrase) Particle
妈妈 给 美国学生 汉语书
江华 不还 王老师 什么
你 教 他们 法文 吗
3. Pivotal construction:
Consider this sentence:
她朋友请她喝咖啡。
Tā péngyou qĭng tā hē kāféi.
Her friend invited her to have coffee.
In this sentence, the underlined 她 is known grammatically as a “pivot”, and is
the object of the first verb 请 , and the subject to the second verb 喝 .This type
of sentence is called a “pivotal construction”.
There are a handful of verbs in the Chinese language, which can be used in pivotal
constructions. Among them, we so far have learned 欢迎 (to welcome)， 叫 (to ask)，
请 (to invite) . For example:
欢迎 你 来 我们 学院 学电脑。
Huānyìng nĭ lái wŏmen xuéyuàn xué diànnăo,
(We) welcome you to come to our college to study Computer Science.
她叫我今天去纽约。
Tā jiào wŏ jīntiān qù Niŭyuē.
She asked me to go New York today.
.
The summery of pivotal construction:
Subject + Verb + Pivot + Verb
我 + 请 + 他 + 来
4. The difference between 知道 and 认识:
认识 emphasizes the ability to identify a person or thing as being this and not
that. It means to distinguish, recognize and understand the difference. It also
means ‘to be acquainted with’.
你认识她吗？ 认识。她是我弟弟的朋友。
Nĭ rènshi tā ma? Rènshì. Tā shì wŏ dìdì de péngyŏu.
Do you recognize (Are you acquainted with) her? Yes. She is my younger brother’s friend.
知道 means to understand and to be aware of facts and priciples:
我不认识 Judy，可是我知道她是我弟弟的朋友。
Wŏ bú rènshi Judy, kĕshì wŏ zhīdào tā shì wŏ dìdì de péngyŏu.
I am not acquainted with Judy. But I know that she is my younger brother’s friend.
Speech Patterns:
1. Verbal constructions in series:
1. 今天你去宿舍找你的中国朋友吗？不去。他们很忙。我也很忙。
2. 江华，我去喝咖啡。你也去吗？你去哪儿喝咖啡？去一楼。
3. 明天我去纽约看妈妈。你妈妈好吗?她很好。谢谢。
4. 谁去外语学院借画报？世海说他去。太好了。
5. 你来这儿学汉语吗？不，我来这儿看长城。中国的长城真长。
1. Jīntiān nĭ qù sùshè zhăo nĭde Zhōngguó péngyou ma? Bú qù. Tāmen hĕn máng. Wŏ yĕ hĕn máng.
2. Jiāng Huá wŏ qù hē kāfēi. Nĭ yĕ qù ma? Nĭ qù năr hē kāfēi? Qù yī lóu.
3. Mìngtiān wŏ qù Niŭyuē kàn māma. Nĭ māma hăo ma? Tā hĕn hăo, xièxie.
4. Shéi qù wàiyŭ xuéyuàn jiè huàbào? Shìhăi shuō tā qù. Tài hăo le.
5. Nĭ lái zhèr xué Hànyŭ ma? Bù, wŏ lái zhèr kàn Chángchéng. Zhōngguó de chángchéng zhēn cháng.
1. Will/did you go to the dorm to visit your Chinese friend today? No. They are/were busy,
and I am/was busy, too.
2. Hua Jiang, I’m going to have (a cup of) coffee. Do you also (want to) go? Where are you
going to have (your) coffee? (I’m) going to the 1st floor.
3. Tomorrow I’ll go to NY to visit my mom. Is your mom OK? She is fine, thank you.
4. Who will go to the Foreign Languages Institute to borrow pictorials? Shihai says he will
go. Wonderful.
5. Did you come here to study Chinese? No. I came here to see the Great Wall. China’s
Great Wall is really long.
2. Pivotal Constructions:
1. 王老师叫你去她那儿。为什么？我不知道。
2. 我请你们明天来我宿舍玩。我们一定去。
3. 你爸爸妈妈欢迎我去他们那儿吗？
4. 谁叫你们来这儿借书？我们老师。你们老师姓什么？姓谢。
1. Wáng lăoshī jiào nĭ qù tā nàr. Wèishénme? Wŏ bù zhīdào.
2. Wŏ qĭng nĭmen mìngtiān lái wŏ sùshè wánr. Wŏmen yìdìng qù.
3. Nĭ bàba māma huānyíng wŏmen qù tāmen nàr ma?
4. Shéi jiào nĭmen lái zhèr jièshū. Wămen lăoshī. Nĭmen lăoshī xìng shénme? Xìng Xiè.
1. Teacher Wang asked you to go to her place. Why? I don’t know.
2. I’m inviting you to come to my dorm for a visit tomorrow. We will certainly go.
3. Do your parents welcome us to their place?
4. Who asked/told you to come here borrow books? Our teacher. What is your teacher’s
last name? His/her last name is Xie.
